Music in Education Essay

Music can influence the body from various perspectives, which is the reason for a developing field known as music treatment. In any case, you can utilize music in your every day life and accomplish many pressure alleviation benefits all alone. One of the extraordinary advantages of music as a pressure reliever is that it very well may be utilized while you direct your customary exercises so it truly doesn’t remove time from your bustling calendar. Music gives a magnificent background to your life so you can discover expanded delight from what you’re doing and furthermore lessen worry from your day. Music despite everything recounts to a story, we realize simply have numerous types to fulfill the social and social tastes of our advanced society. Hip Hop is a class of music that has altogether developed the most recent few decades. Its expanded ubiquity has carried it to the bleeding edge of globalization. Innovative advances have made it simple for Hip Hop to spread out all around. This event of globalization is a key model that as our social outskirts are separated by innovation, our own social and social practices become liquid. Despite the fact that there are numerous positive and negative remarks about the globalization of Hip Hop, it is an impression of the developing wonder happening everywhere throughout the world. Hip jump started in the South Bronx of New York City during the 1970s. The term rap is frequently utilized equivalently with hip jump, however hip bounce can likewise be portrayed as a whole subculture (â€Å"Hip Hop†, 2004). The term Hip Hop is said to have originated from a joke between Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, and their companions (â€Å"Hip Hop†, 2004). Albeit Hip Hop was made on American soil, it’s impacts are worldwide. It tends to be said that Hip Hop may be an aftereffect of ethnic globalization. Hip Hop has establishes in African, Caribbean, and Latino culture (â€Å"Hip Hop Globalization and Youth Culture†, 2005). Verbally expressed word, which is as yet well known today is additionally an impact in Hip Hop music and culture. Verbally expressed word is a style of verse spoken in a cadenced manner. Hip Hop ranges from rap music, to B-kid move. It was a stage to engage ethnic youth without viciousness. Hip Hop in the first place was basically still an underground subculture. It was famous with numerous ethnic networks yet it was not well known in the standard music industry. This all changed with the band Blondie and their tune â€Å"Rapture†. â€Å"Rapture† is one of the primary rap song’s to arrive at the highest point of the outlines in standard popular music. In spite of the fact that Blondie is a punk/musical gang, they were the best possible impetus to give Hip Hop the standard consideration it merited. Hip Hop has changed since it’s birth in the 1970’s. Hip Hop is currently separated of the standard music scene. It isn't remarkable to see craftsman from various sorts teaming up with Hip Hop craftsmen. It is likewise normal to see Hip Hop music and culture in films, TV programs, and ads. In the past you would just observe individuals from ethnic networks wearing Hip Hop dress, presently all races including Asian, Caucasian, and so forth have acknowledged the Hip Hop style. The topic has additionally changed. In the past Hip Hop verses concentrated on political and cultural disappointments, presently Hip Hop verses steer more toward provocative substance. Hip Hop topic comprises for the most part of the yearnings of riches, sex, sedate use, and crime. During the starting years the age of the Hip Hop audience was wide spread. It extended from teenagers to even grown-ups in their 50’s. Albeit Hip Hop despite everything has a grown-up crowd, it is presently progressively intended for more youthful crowds. More youthful audience members are bound to buy Hip Hop music and gear, than the more established crowd. Music has consistently been an extraordinary healer. In the Bible, we find out about how David played the harp to help facilitate his extreme melancholy of King Saul. Music is a huge state of mind changer and reliever of stress, dealing with numerous levels without a moment's delay. Numerous specialists propose that it is the cadence of the music or the beat that has the quieting impact on us in spite of the fact that we may not be cognizant about it. They bring up that when we were a child in our mother’s belly, we presumably were affected by the heartbeat of our mom. We react to the mitigating music at later stages throughout everyday life, maybe connecting it with the sheltered, unwinding, defensive condition gave by our mom. They state that math is the all inclusive language, and keeping in mind that that might be valid, music has attributes to it that even the easygoing audience ought to however may not generally perceive as all inclusive, truly and metaphorically. In addition, music is advantageous to the musician’s and the listener’s wellbeing and prosperity. Music is all over the place, and it very well may be made and delighted in by anybody, any creature, and any living thing, in its own particular manner. The universe itself has a feeling of mood, tune and music. Regular discourse has a lilt that can be called a music. In nature, without the repetitive sound human advancement out of sight, the hints of the trees, the water, and the air would all be able to be called music. Also, creatures, fowls specifically, have their own feeling of tune in the sounds that they make and use to speak with one another. Music comes in such a large number of different structures that it reflects, as it were, the decent variety of the dialects expressed and composed on the planet. Regardless of whether it be old style music, pop, gospel music, down home music or whatever satisfies the ear, there will consistently be a sort of music for everybody, and it can come in any language. They express that learning and tuning in to music makes one more brilliant. As studies appear, music makes the performer utilize his brain in a manner that creates and keeps up great psychological well-being. Music is a craftsmanship and a science; any individual who learns any piece of melodic hypothesis will realize that music has a specific structure, while as yet taking into account inventive opportunity. Understanding music and playing an instrument makes the performer utilize the two sides of his mind on the double †the numerical side, and the masterful side. Figuring out how to comprehend a staff of music and the images composed on it is much the same as learning a logical or numerical equation. Applying the recipe to the current instrument takes a lot of training to progress admirably, however once it is found out, it doesn't handily blur away. Creating and looking after musicality, then again, is somewhat ability and mostly practice, much like other artistic expressions like drawing, moving and singing. Music is an incredible well for feelings. A similar artistic expression that takes care of infants can discharge outrage and trouble, energize euphoria, and sooth stress. To the Romantics, music was the most flawless of artistic expressions since it associates legitimately with feelings (The New Penguin Book of Romantic Poetry, 47), during a timespan that created authors that are still notable today. David composed numerous hymns while he watched sheep. Also, despite the fact that he was not generally a most loved of King Saul, David’s playing would comfort the ruler (1 Samuel 16). Music unites individuals. It is comprehended that before present day innovation, unrecorded music was a characteristic type of diversion, and individuals were viewed as cultivated when they figured out how to play instruments. Music can make a decent environment and empower a positive state of mind that loosens up individuals whether they are effectively tuning in to it or not. That is a piece of the motivation behind why it is perfect for parties, weddings, burial services, and other such get-togethers. Music is all inclusive. It is quieting, gentling, engaging, rousing and sound. It keeps up great psychological wellness and a reasonable passionate state. It is a blessing from God that anybody can learn, acknowledge and appreciate. Hip Hop ends up being the voice of the individuals that will most likely be unable to represent themselves in ordinary manners. Globalization has permitted numerous individuals who might not have the way to shout out, to have the option to become the dominant focal point. Many accept that globalization will be the finish of independence and imagination.

Importance of motivation

Significance of inspiration Presentation Psychologists’ see on inception of inspiration The multifaceted nature of inspiration because of capriciousness and change starting with one individual then onto the next and at various occasions has prompted different hypotheses being proposed to clarify its causes. In any case, these therapists concur that in way or another inspiration is affected by both natural and outer factors.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Importance of inspiration explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theories on inspiration Goal-setting hypothesis Postulates that a few people are headed to progress by the objectives they set. The achievement is estimated by arriving at the ideal unequivocal end. Such individuals set explicit objectives which are moderate in nature. The objectives have closeness and restricted security of accomplishment. Moderate objectives limit the odds of stopping or turning out to be lack of concern which are attributes of extreme or effortlessly accomplished objectives. In this way, such objectives create ideal drive to progress. Defining of objectives is just conceivable on the grounds that individuals have self assurance to succeed. This is what is proposed by the self-assurance hypothesis which clarifies what drives individuals to accomplish. This hypothesis opines that people are naturally headed to develop and create and subsequently our wellspring of inspiration innate. Be that as it may, these inalienable inspirations are initiated by outside variables. This essential intrinsic needs incorporate; the need to control the occasions of our lives so as to feel associated with others and be equipped in our abilities. Consequently, since we can control these essential characteristic needs by controlling our musings and cognizant, we can channel them towards making progress toward greatness. We can control our wants for progress, and sentiments of delight and acknowledgment. The Need Hierarchy hypothesis Th is hypothesis expresses that individuals are just headed to progress by those requirements which they have not fulfilled. Have complex needs, we fulfill our requirements from base up with those on the more elevated levels fulfilled first. As one climbs the chain of command of necessities, the drive to accomplish increments. Consequently, the drive that an individual has for extinguishing his thirst or filling a vacant stomach is lower contrasted with that of accomplishing his maximum capacity or self realization which is the most significant level of need.Advertising Looking for paper on brain research? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Incentive hypothesis This hypothesis fuses different parts of different speculations and suggests that people are driven by impetuses. These motivating forces can both be natural or extraneous and get fulfillment the type of physical prizes, delight and acknowledgment. Despite the fact that t he prizes of joy and acknowledgment are inborn, their accomplishment is normally initiated by outer upgrades. In any case, it must be noticed that outside and inward boosts here and there work inimically. Proceeded with use of outer upgrades as a wellspring of inspiration may in the long run supplant the inborn drive to succeed. Such outer upgrades become part us and may even transform into ‘innate’ improvements. Since our self-rule is significant, utilization of outer boosts should constrained less they supplant our inborn improvements. Self-viability and confidence as sparks Self assessment of capacities and contrasting it and the job that needs to be done is a wellspring of natural boosts which can drive us to progress regardless of the difficulties. Significant levels of self-viability will prompt elevated levels of inspiration and the other way around. This is on the grounds that it just by putting stock in ourselves that we can take on difficulties. The inspiratio n coming about because of confidence or liking one’s self isn't sufficiently able to empower us complete an objective regardless of the difficulties. Sense of self and objective direction are additionally inner boosts which can give motivators which can propel us. Determination Motivation assumes a basic job in our every day lives remembering arranging our objectives forever. Consequently, more proof put together research ought to be finished with respect to it. The exploration studies ought to incorporate such regions as religion. In addition, the inspiration components and brain science of competitors who utilize elite medications ought to likewise be contemplated.

Are Human Rights Universal Example

Are Human Rights Universal Example Are Human Rights Universal â€" Essay Example > @2010 Introduction The transformation of the nature of war in contemporary society and its impacts on interstate relations is a greatly debatable notion. George (1986) highlights that war involves two forces that stand opposed to each other, whereby each force tries to compel the enemy side to do its will. Jones, etal, (1996) assert that War as an organized activity can best be described by the nature of the communities or states that wage it, rather than the weaponry and tactics applied in fighting the war. In the wage of advancement in the possession of nuclear weapons among certain states and increased terrorist activities, it is evident that the change on the nature of war in modern has impacted inter- state relations. This particular presentation seeks to analyze the impacts of the changing nature of war and how it affects inter-state relations. It begins by evaluating the basic changes on the nature of war in modern society, and further analyzes how the transformation has im pacted inter-state relations. SignificantChanges on the Nature of War Historical classification of war was established in 1648, it was characterized by Napoleonic wars and the two world wars, and this period lasted up to the end of the 1990 Cold War. Historians assert that the central concept of war within 1990 up to the 21 century has been revolutionized by social, political and economic factors which continue to change as time progresses. Clausewitz (1948) agreed to the fact that the essence of war is political; he described historical war as a means of resolving disputes among political groups. Rivalry among states can be perceived as the major products of war. He further acknowledged that wars basically differ from one another across aspects of space and time. Clausewitz describes war as a chameleon that slowly adapts to the characteristics of a particular social, political environment. As a phenomenon it is dominated by tendencies such as violence, enmity and hatred (Lind 199 7). One of the schools of thought advocates that the economic rationale has influenced the changing nature of war. Here the main argument is that incentives based on the economy usually determine the conduct of war. The linkage of the nature of war to the economy does not imply that most wars are caused by economic shortcomings but rather the continuation and conduct of war is determined by shortcomings within the economic framework. Globalization has greatly influenced the war trends to great extents, for instance the 1978-1988 Iran- Iraq war shepherded by conflict based oil reserves, the Iraq invasion of Kuwait in the 1990’s with claims that the Kuwait was one of its provinces was due to the presence of oil. Most of such notable conflicts were caused by economic incentives that are linked to wealth and also power. Clausewitz’s argued that the rising importance in warfare is also reflected by the technology and culture of the existing age. Kagan (1995) also highlighted the co ntribution of the economy to the nature of war by stating that the manner in which a society organizes its war reflects on the manner in which it makes wealth, thus the capacity of a state to tactfully organize warfare will influence economic strength. Starting with industrial advancement every revolution that occurs within the state system basically triggers a corresponding revolution in the war making system. As a result the emergence of new information economic and economic advancement within states results to a parallel or an equivalent revelation in the system of warfare.

The Human Rights Act Of 1998 Essay - 1760 Words

The Human Rights Act of 1998, also abbreviated to HRA is a national law passed in the United Kingdom and mostly came into force on 2 October 2000. Its purpose is to incorporate the rights within the European Convention on Human Rights into UK national law. This law allows the citizens of the United Kingdom to defend their rights in UK courts and states that public organisations such as the Government, Police and other public authorities must respect the people’s rights by treating them fairly and equally with dignity. Firstly, this essay will be discussing what the Human Rights Act (1998) is and its effects. Secondly, this essay will be pointing out the Articles and explaining the Act. Thirdly, this essay will be talking about the history and why this act came into place. Finally, this essay will argue the necessity of the Human Rights Act (1998). The Human Rights Act (1998) consists of sixteen fundamental rights that everybody is entitled to from birth or since the act was put into place. These sixteen rights are set out as ‘Articles’ and along with these Articles there are also ‘Protocols’ to extend and adapt new rights into the Human Rights Act. There are three main effects of the HRA: Firstly, it has subsumed the rights set out by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into British national law; if in any given situation there is a breach of rights, this allows people to take their cases to British courts instead of seeking justice from the European Court ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Act 1998 ( Hra )3755 Words   |  16 PagesSection C: 8 Before the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) coming into force, the UK subscribed to a ‘weak’ judicial review. However, the Act has brought a drastic change into the practice of judicial review in the UK. In this essay, I shall argue that with the new powers conferred to the courts under sections 3 and 4 (ss 3 and 4) of the HRA, they have developed a mechanism which allows the court to communicate with Parliament through their interpretations although the practice of judicial review remainsRead MoreSignificance of Section 3 and 4 of the Human Rights Act 19981312 Words   |  5 PagesThe power to strike down Acts of Parliament is defined as the power to declare legislation invalid because it is unconstitutional. This paper will critically assess sections 3 and 4 of the HRA 1998 by defining them, reviewing case law surrounding their use, and by evaluating the powers that they give to the judiciary. By doing so, it will demonstrate that section 3 gives judges powers that are no t significantly different from the power to strike down Acts of Parliament, whereas section 4 does notRead MoreThe Between The Uk Parliament And The Human Rights Act 1998 ( Hra ) On Sovereignty1030 Words   |  5 PagesParliamentary Sovereignty is, as Dicey coined â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law whatever†¦ [with] no person or body†¦ having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament.† Immediately, we see a contradiction between the UK Parliament and the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) on sovereignty. The issues David Cameron puts forward in his speech have all attracted much attention from a Human Rights perspective. More and more the European Courts of Human Rights (ECHR) are becoming an integral part ofRead MoreThe Extent to Which the Human Rights Act of 1998 Strengthened the Rule of Law in the U.K. Constitution2570 Words   |  11 PagesThe Extent to Which the Human Rights Act of 1998 Strengthened the Rule of Law in the U.K. Constitut ion The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), an Act introduced to give effect to rights from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in domestic legislation. Its introduction has affected many legal areas; especially the conceptions of the rule of law and their place in the UK constitution. To understand the effect of the HRA, it is first necessary to establish the initial statusRead MoreHuman Rights Act of 1998681 Words   |  3 PagesConvention on Human Rights exists to guarantee legal protection to fundamental rights. It will examine how rights are protected in law and the way the UK approaches the protection of these rights. Explanation will be made of the way that the UK addresses the implementation of the rights in the English legal system. Issues such as conflicting rights and legal limitations will also be considered. An evaluation will be made of whether or not The Human Rights Act 1998 protects the fundamental rights of UKRead MoreThe Human Rights Act 19981486 Words   |  6 Pages The Human Rights Act 1998 The Human Rights Act 1998 was fully enforced in 2000 and describes further effect to freedoms and rights that are entitled under the ECHR (the European Convention on Human Rights) (Ward, Wragg Walker 2011, p. 146). The constitutional framework of the United Kingdom implies that the Human Rights Act 1998 is not ‘embedded’ in the same way as the human rights papers that are adopted by many nations in the world. Nonetheless, it is argued that any attempt to amend or repealRead MoreHuman Right Act, 1998766 Words   |  4 Pagescommunities which are not mainstream, often face additional challenges and barriers in escaping the domestic violence they are experiencing. Religion plays a vital role in that factor. Everybody has the right to worship whichever way they want to worship. Human Right Act, 1998. Vulnerable people have the right to privacy and protection from harm. Invasion of privacy is also an issue in residential homes where some staff members do not knock before en tering a resident’s room. Network of support- When anRead MoreThe Human Rights Act 19981355 Words   |  6 PagesThis is applicable to public authorities in the regard that it is fair, just and reasonable to impose a duty upon them as they act for the collective welfare of society. Newtown Council is a local government authority exercising public function; it is therefore susceptible to liability. Furthermore, it is important to note that the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 has affected the law of negligence, a breach of duty that results in damage to the claimant. This area of law has shown to beRead MoreThe Human Rights Act 19981470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Rights Act 1998 sets out fundamental rights for everyone within the UK. This incorporates the rights in which were set out in the European Convention on Human Rights, meaning if a persons’ rights are breached, the case can be brought to UK court rather than seeking justice from the European Court of Human Rights located in Franc e. In practice, this ensures all new laws are compatible with the Human Rights. The European Court of Human Rights; which focuses on humanities basic necessitiesRead MoreThe Human Rights Act 1998914 Words   |  4 Pagesimplications in regards to this study and the relevance to this particular case. The Human Rights Act 1998 according to Wild and Weinstein (2013-p217) came into force on the 2nd of October 2010. It seeks to protect the rights of all European nations. (LIST ALL RIGHTS IF YOU HAVE THE WORD COUNT) The Equality Act 2006 according to personnel today (2006) was firstly to establish the Commission for Equality and Human Rights, this is applicable to discrimination on grounds of beliefs and religions in the

Quantitative Research Critique Exercise Program

Quantitative Research Critique: Exercise Programs Introduction The article â€Å"Exercise training program based on minimum weekly frequencies: effects on blood pressure and physical fitness in elderly hypertensive patients†, written by Wilson M. De Moraes, Pamella R. M. Souza, Monica H.N.P. Pinheiro, Maria C. Irigoyen, Alessandra Medeiros, and Marcia K. Koike is a quasi-experimental non-controlled study. The study’s aim was to see how a twice-weekly exercise program, sometimes referenced as low frequency exercise program, affected elderly hypertensive patients. Previous studies have been done on exercise programs but have not been researched enough to determine how often they should be completed per week. By using several different†¦show more content†¦The independent variable in the study is the twice- weekly exercise-training program that is being tested on the patients. The dependent variables in the study are BP, physical fitness, and functional ability of the elderly hypertensive patients. Sociodemographi c variables in the study were pharmacologic treatment, educational level, and income. The extraneous variables in this study are participant complete less than 80% of the exercise sessions, involved in another exercise program, cannot understand the instructions due to cognitive problems, chest pains, dizziness or discomfort, unmanageable hypertension that is greater than 160/100 mmHg, and any bone, muscle, joint or other previous problems that could affect participation in the program( De Moraes et al., 2012). The confounding variables in the study are peripheral blood glucose, BP at rest, and BMI. The hypotheses and variables are all clearly stated in the study. Problem and Purpose The research problem in this study is how often exercise programs need to be implemented, predominantly in hypertensive elderly patients, to their affect BP, physical fitness, and functional ability. The author of the study describes how important it is for elderly adults with arterial hypertension to adhere to the proper exercise programs to help reduce the longing effects of this disease. The author discusses that increased amounts of exercise are shown to decrease the adherence to the program in elderly

The Forbidden Game The Kill Chapter 13 Free Essays

Dee took the lead, with Summer following her lightly and Michael and Audrey after that. Jenny wanted the others to go ahead of her partly because she was afraid, and partly because she didn’t want any of them trying to save her if she fell off. Heights. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Kill Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She had always hated heights. But she was damned if she was going to let this bridge stop her from getting to Tom. It wasn’t all that bad at the beginning. Steep, yes, and narrow, yes. And there were no handrails. If the whole structure had been six inches off the ground, Jenny could have walked it easily, without a chance of slipping. The problem was doing it twenty feet off the ground. But if she looked straight down and concentrated on her own feet, she couldn’t see how they were climbing. Just then, though, something drifted past her feet-a wisp of mist. Alarmed, she looked to one side. No, they weren’t cloud-height. They really were only twenty feet off the ground. But mist was rising around them. â€Å"Oh, spiffy,† Michael said from somewhere ahead, and Summer’s voice said, â€Å"I can’t see.† Dee’s voice floated back from even farther ahead. â€Å"Reach back and hold hands with each other. I can feel my way along.† Jenny reached forward and took a handful of Audrey’s nylon jacket-Audrey only had one good arm to use. She shuffled forward, gritting her teeth. Everything around her was white. She could barely see her own hiking boots. In a few minutes, though, her head broke through the mist. She went on shuffling upward, inching out of it. Her legs were aching, and she hoped they were getting near the top. It was only when Audrey stopped short in front of her, and gasped, that she looked around. The mist was gone. What she saw beneath the bridge now was-unearthly. It was dark, and arching through the darkness were other bridges, delicate and airy, some fiery, some that looked like ice. They led to clumps of land that looked like islands floating in space. â€Å"Like Neverland,† Jenny whispered. â€Å"A bunch of Neverlands. What are they? And where are we?† â€Å"Oh, I don’t believe this,† Audrey said just as softly. â€Å"I do,† Dee said from the very top of the arch. Her head was thrown back on the slim dark column of her neck. Faint light from the bridges shifted on the planes of her cheekbones, and her eyes glowed. â€Å"I do.† Some of the islands were brighter and more substantial-looking than any landscape Jenny had seen on Earth-sharper in detail, more exquisite in clarity. Others were dim and vague-as if they had been partly formed and then abandoned. Between the clumps of land Jenny could see stars -but not normal stars. These stars rippled and waved as if she were looking at them through a clear stream, or as if they were studded on a flowing length of black silk. There was something incredibly lost and lonely about them. â€Å"But what are those things? Those other islands?† she said again. Audrey gave herself a little shake and seemed to focus. â€Å"I think-those are the nine worlds. From Norse mythology-Norse, like the runes. I told you about them once.† â€Å"You mean-we’re above the Shadow World somehow?† â€Å"I guess. Now that-that’s probably Asgard, the one way up there. It’s got to be.† Jenny tilted her head back. Far above them-the farthest away of any of the clumps-was an island world that seemed all silver and gold. She could just glimpse something like a shining mountain rising into a golden cloud on it. The bridge to it was very narrow and seemed to be on fire. â€Å"That’s where the gods live.† â€Å"The gods?† Jenny spoke to Audrey without looking down from the shining island. â€Å"So the myths say. Hmm, and I’ll bet that’s Vanaheim. World of primal water and plenty, where some of the less important gods live.† Audrey pointed to an island painted in jewel-like colors, dark blue and dark green. â€Å"Vanaheim-any relation to Anaheim?† Michael murmured. Audrey pinched her mouth on a smile, but ignored him. â€Å"And that’s Alfheim, world of light and air,† she said, nodding at an island that was much closer to them, shimmering in the colors of sunrise: yellow, pale blue, light green. â€Å"Home of light elves-like good spirits. I’m remembering all this, isn’t that amazing? I must have been about eight when I learned it.† â€Å"What about those?† Dee said, pointing straight outward. Two island worlds were floating at about the same level as the bridge they stood on: one rocky and lashed by what looked like tornadoes, and the other so bright with orange fire that Jenny couldn’t make out any details. â€Å"The rocky one’s Jotunheim-the world of primal storms. And the other one has to be Muspelheim, the world of primal fire. Nothing lives there but killer giants.† â€Å"What’s that?† Michael said, staring downward and to the left. Audrey looked. â€Å"Hell† she said simply. â€Å"I always thought hell would be hot,† Summer said, her eyes widening like cornflowers blooming. â€Å"Hel with one l. It’s the underworld, where everything sinks in the end. Ruled by Hella, queen of the dead.† It looked like a frozen lake, colder and blacker than the empty space between the worlds. Jenny had never seen such a lightless, joyless place. The bridge to it was like a slide, broad and frosty. â€Å"We definitely wouldn’t want to go there. Or to that one-the one that looks like a cavern. That’s Svartalfheim, the subterranean world.† â€Å"No more caves, thank you,† Michael said. There was only one island left. It was the one directly below them, and both ends of the bridge they stood on seemed connected to it. From here, the surface was obscured by dark mist and shadows. Audrey said, â€Å"Niflheim, land of ice and shadows. The Shadow World.† She shook her head. â€Å"I still don’t believe this.† â€Å"Why not? It’s no weirder than anything else we’ve seen today,† Dee said. â€Å"But I only count eight worlds. Where’s Earth?† Audrey looked around, then shrugged. â€Å"Maybe we don’t get to see that bridge until we finish the Game.† â€Å"Who cares? Look, we wanted to walk between the worlds, right?† Dee said, her eyes shining. â€Å"And now we’re doing it. So-shall we?† Jenny nodded. She felt very tiny and insignificant standing here, and her throat was tight. And she had the feeling that it was going to be harder going down than going up-because now the fall was so much longer. They started moving. It was hard to walk in the place between the worlds-physically hard. After two or three steps Jenny began to feel muscle-burn in her calves and thigh muscles. She could hear Audrey panting in front of her. And the barest glimpse of the fall on either side made Jenny’s internal organs feel as if they were plunging out of her body. Her legs wanted to freeze. She wanted to get down on her rump and scoot the rest of the way-no, get down on her stomach and slither. But that wasn’t the worst. She was afraid she would faint. If I faint up here, I’ll fall. Of course I’ll fall. Nobody faints neatly forward. I’ll slide off the side. The moment the thought of fainting occurred to her, it blocked everything else out. She was going to faint. Just thinking about it made her dizzy. She was so scared of fainting, she felt like jumping. Hysteria began to bubble up inside her. She shouldn’t have thought about jumping. Now she was afraid she would jump, just because the idea had occurred to her. She had to try not to think about it. Think of anything else. Think of Tom, think of getting to Tom. But the idea of jumping was now stuck in her mind. She started to picture it. She could get it all over with, turn to the side and just let go. God, no-she didn’t want to, but she was afraid she’d go crazy and do it. †¦ The voice came from her own brain, but it was so harsh it seemed alien. You keep on moving, girl! Jenny realized she was stopped, frozen. Staring down at her own feet in their brown leather hiking boots, and the white ribbon of bridge, and the formless darkness on either side. Just put one foot in front of the other. The right foot. Put out your right foot. I can’t, she thought. Yes, you can! But if I faint-or jump – You expect everybody else to face their fears, and you can’t face yours? You’re not your only master if you can’t even control your own feet! You’re just a coward! The right boot jerked a little and stepped forward. That’s right. Now the other one. The other boot came forward. Jenny was walking again. She could do it-command her own feet. Just put one foot in front of the other. And one more step. And one more. Don’t look to the side. One more step. And one more. There were only a few body-lengths of bridge in front of her. She could see where it ended. Ten feet. Five feet. On legs that had suddenly gone weak as angel-hair pasta, Jenny stumbled and fell onto safe ground. Dee bent over her. â€Å"You okay?† Weakly Jenny patted one of Dee’s hightops. â€Å"I’m terrific, thanks.† â€Å"I shouldn’t have let you be last. I forgot.† Jenny sat up and wiped her forehead. â€Å"I did fine by myself.† â€Å"Yeah, you did. You seem to be doing a lot of that these days.† Jenny was very happy. Then it hit her. They were across. They’d made it. Tom. She looked up so fast her vision swam. After the alien grandeur of the place between the worlds, it was something of a comedown. They were on the central island in the artificial lake at Joyland Park. The lighthouse looked the same as it had all night, white and shining. The park around them was a riot of lights-but ordinary lights, illuminating ordinary rides like the SuperLooper and the Tumble-bug. Everything looked very ordinary. Behind her, the bridge arched gracefully over the lake water, and the water reflected a wavering arch back. There was no mist, and no sign of any other worlds. The top of the arch wasn’t more than forty feet high. â€Å"A hallucination, I guess,† Audrey said slowly. â€Å"One of Julian’s things. And I suppose it must have been from me, since I’m the only one who knew about those other worlds.† Jenny opened her mouth, then shut it again. She thought Audrey must be right-but she wasn’t sure. And the truth was that they would probably never be sure. She looked back at the lighthouse. â€Å"Come on, people. This is it.† When she got up her legs were shaky, but she took the lead and Dee let her. The lighthouse looked bigger as they got closer. It was life-size, with a widow’s walk around the top and a weathercock. And it was attached to some broad dark building that Jenny hadn’t seen before because it wasn’t lit up. A restaurant, maybe, she thought. There was a wooden door in the lighthouse’s side, with a large iron handle. â€Å"Monster positions,† Dee reminded Jenny as she reached for the handle. Then Dee stood ready to kick the door shut if anything unfriendly was behind it. â€Å"Tom and Zach will be at the top, of course,† Michael said, resting with his hands on his thighs in anticipation. But they weren’t. It was funny, how the end began. Jenny had been waiting for so long, working and fighting, and all the time waiting for the moment that she would see Tom. She was so used to waiting she wasn’t really ready for it to end. She wasn’t-prepared. She almost couldn’t deal with it. But when it started happenings it happened fast, and prepared or not, she was thrown into it. She pulled on the iron handle, and the wooden door swung open. There was no need for Dee to kick it shut. Everything inside was illuminated, and nothing came rushing toward them. Black metal stairs curved up on Jenny’s left, circling upward toward the top of the lighthouse. But straight in front of her she could see the interior of the broad building. The lighthouse had no back wall, and opened right into it. It was a wonderful place, with a huge diorama two stories high as a backdrop. It looked like a movie set of a wharf scene, but the numbered flags on poles betrayed its real purpose. It was an indoor miniature golf course. â€Å"Treasure Island,† Michael said, peering around her shoulder. â€Å"Pirates, see?† It was pirates. The diorama featured a mural painted on the far wall of the broad building, a marvelously realistic mural with a volcano in the background. Painted smoke and little neon lights for sparks showed that it was erupting. There was also a mammoth storm in the painted sky, and forked lightning that really flashed. At the bottom of the mural, just behind the golf course itself, two dinghies were landing on some fiberglass rocks. One boat was painted, with a pirate in an eye patch and hat, a lace cravat, and boots. The other boat was real, with Tom and Zach. Jenny touched her mouth. Then she was running. There weren’t any words for what she felt next. When she’d been separated from Tom in the paper house, it had been for hours. This time it had been days. She was exhausted, overstressed, starving, on the verge of collapse-and she’d never been so happy in her life. Just the sight of him brought back everything that was good and homelike to her mind. It was like coming back to her own room after being away a long time with strangers. It was where she belonged. She threw her arms around him. And then she just held on, her heart pounding and pounding. â€Å"Watch out, Jenny. He was here just a minute ago.† And Jenny, who had for so long associated Tom with protection, with safety and security and coziness, found herself feeling passionately protective of Tom. As if he were Summer. Looking into his dear face, handsome and rather brooding just now, and his wonderful green-flecked eyes, she said, â€Å"Don’t worry. I’ll take care of you.† â€Å"Just let me out, please,† Tom said sharply, and then gave up and kissed her back. Jenny’s solicitous feelings had thrown her into a perfect spasm of love for him, and it felt so good to kiss him again. â€Å"If you two could tear yourself apart for just a minute†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Zach’s voice said. Jenny looked up. Her cousin was in the back of the dinghy, yes, the same cousin she’d lost, she thought a little deliriously. Exactly the same, with his wonderful beaky nose and his ash-blond hair pulled back in a casual ponytail and his keen gray eyes. â€Å"I missed you, too,† she said and scrambled back to hug him. â€Å"We’re tied up,† Tom said briskly. Jenny saw that his brown wrists were tied behind his back with some kind of thick cord. â€Å"No problem,† she said, just as briskly, and pulled out the Swiss Army knife. I’ll never go anywhere without one again, she thought, and, crouching by Zach’s feet, she began carefully sawing at the cord. â€Å"Hi, Dee,† Tom said, calm as if he were meeting her Saturday at the ball game. â€Å"Hey, Audrey, Mi-† He broke off and bolted upright, and Jenny cut his hand. â€Å"Sit down,† she said. He didn’t seem to notice. â€Å"Summer?† â€Å"Hi, Tom,† Summer said shyly. â€Å"Summer?† â€Å"She wasn’t dead, just asleep,† Audrey said. Jenny said, â€Å"Sit down, will you? We’ll explain later.† â€Å"Yeah-sure,† Tom said weakly. He sat down. Jenny finished cutting the cord enough so that he could pull out of it. Then, while he was rubbing his hands, she turned to Zach. â€Å"Are you both okay?† she added. â€Å"I mean-not hurt or anything?† â€Å"We’re fine,† Tom said absently. â€Å"He just put us here a little while ago. We were in the lighthouse, before, and it wasn’t too bad-except I was afraid you’d come.† â€Å"You knew I’d come. I hope.† â€Å"I hoped you wouldn’t. I was afraid you would.† â€Å"Tom†-a strand on Zach’s cord sprang apart- â€Å"you don’t have to worry about me.† She looked up to find him looking down at her, in that new way, the way he had since the end of Julian’s first Game. As if she were something infinitely precious, something that bewildered him, but amazed him-something he didn’t deserve, but trusted. â€Å"Sure I have to worry about you, Thorny,† he said simply. â€Å"Just like you worry about me.† Jenny smiled. â€Å"Nobody needs to worry right now. We’ve won the Game, Tom. We went on the treasure hunt and now we’ve found you. It’s all over.† â€Å"I’ll still be happier out of here,† he said, and Zach said, â€Å"That goes for me doubled, tripled, and quadrupled.† Jenny glanced around. She supposed it was a spooky place in a way-if you were sitting and anticipating trouble. There were real cave entrances below the mural, leading to other parts of the miniature golf range. There were mock buildings holding the same thing-golf holes-with names like Lafitte’s Black Powder Works. It was dark inside all these places. â€Å"Don’t tell me. You guys were afraid of the parrot,† Michael said. Jenny followed his gaze to a section of the building beside the golf course, apparently an area for eating, because there were orange plastic tables and stools bolted to the ground. There was also a small stage with a sign that read: cap’n bill AND SEBASTIAN, THE WONDER PARROT. AlSO a mounted TV showing Woody Woodpecker cartoons, mercifully silent. â€Å"No, we were afraid of the eyes,† Tom said, stepping out of the dinghy and over a length of thick rope that sagged between two wharf pillars. Jenny’s head snapped up. â€Å"The eyes?† â€Å"The ones that sit in the shadows and look at you. And the whispering.† Jaw squared, Jenny sawed through the last of Zach’s cord and rubbed his wrists. So the other Shadow Men were around. Tom was staring at Audrey’s arm. â€Å"What happened to you?† â€Å"Believe me, you’re happier not knowing.† â€Å"You guys all look like you’ve been playing with the Raiders-and losing,† Tom said. It was true, Jenny thought, following Zach over the rope. The prisoners they’d come to rescue looked fine, just as they had when they’d disappeared behind Julian’s wall of fire. A little crumpled and stained about the clothes, but otherwise fine. Zach still had his 35 millimeter camera around his neck. It was the rescuers who were bloody and battered. Even Summer looked wounded, like a broken-stemmed flower. Audrey, usually the picture of elegance, looked more like a young hiker who’d been in a bad accident. Dee’s jeans were stained dark at the thigh. Michael looked as if he’d been ducked in swamp water and then tumble-dried. â€Å"You’ve been through a lot,† Zach said, and for once his gray eyes weren’t cool or unreadable. â€Å"Thanks, Jenny.† Jenny waved dismissively, but she felt a glow inside. â€Å"What happened back there in the fire, anyway? One minute I was holding your hand, the next†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I fell,† Zach said. â€Å"Pure dumb luck. I tripped, and when I got up, I didn’t know which way to go. I stumbled around and ended up back in Julian’s base.† â€Å"Out of the fire, into the frying pan,† Michael said. â€Å"And then Tom came back for me.† Zach looked at Tom, and something passed between them without words. The introverted photographer and the star athlete had never been particularly close before, but Jenny had the feeling that that had changed now. She was pleased. â€Å"Aww,† Michael said. Audrey said, â€Å"Shut up-mon cher.† Dee interrupted. â€Å"Here’s a map of the park.† The map was wood, painted to look like parchment, with iron chains around it. â€Å"It is an amusement park, then. We could see some of it out the lighthouse window,† Tom said. â€Å"Okay, look, here’s my plan†¦.† His voice trailed off. Audrey, Michael, Dee, and Summer weren’t looking at him. Instead, they were looking at Jenny expectantly. Tom looked at Zach, who was standing with his arms folded, something like amusement in his sharp-featured face. â€Å"Okay, uh-why don’t you tell us your plan?† Tom said to Jenny. Jenny was fighting amusement, too. â€Å"I don’t have one. We don’t need one. We’ve won, and we ought to be able to just walk out of here. The only thing I don’t understand is why Julian hasn’t shown up.† They all looked at the various dark doorways and crevices. â€Å"Do you think maybe-he’s watching us?† Summer said. â€Å"Of course I’m watching; that’s what I do,† a weary voice said. How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Kill Chapter 13, Essay examples

The Refraction of Light Lab Essay Example

The Refraction of Light Lab Paper The results we obtained show that on average, we calculated a sin i over sin R to be 1.34 units. Also we can say that as the angle of incidence increased, the angle of refraction tended to increase proportionally. As the sin of i increased, the sin of R also increased. Below you can see the exact relationship between the sin of the incidence angle (i) versus the sin of the refracted angle (R). To find the slope of the graph we need to can use a gradient formula and 2 points. Taking the first and last points, (.350, .259) and (.985, .743) we get the following:  Slope = y2 y1 = -0.484 = 0.762  x2 x1 = -0.635  Now to find the y-intercept, taking the last point: (.743) = (0.762)(.985) + C  C = -0.00757 or rounded to 0 (3sf)  So our equation for our line looks like this, y = (0.762)x  Percentage error:  Since we are given the refraction index number for water the medium we are using in this experiment, we can obtain a percentage error between the two values. Actual Refractive Index value for water Average sin i / sin R  Actual Refractive Index value for water x 100 =  1.34 1.333  1.333 x100 = 0.53 %  The percentage error in our experiment was a very small 0.53 %  Conclusion:  With regards to my hypothesis, I believe I was correct when saying we would be able to distinctly define a linear relationship between the sin of the incident ray angle and the sin of the refracted ray angle.Not only that, but we were able to obtain a value almost exact to 2 decimal places for the refractive index number of water (our percent error was around half a percent very small indeed). We will write a custom essay sample on The Refraction of Light Lab specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Refraction of Light Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Refraction of Light Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From this, several conjectures can be drawn such as how the textbook refractive values for different mediums were actually found perhaps it was similar to our method but with more trials and better accuracy. Our results agree with my hypothesis due largely to the fact that we were successfully able to determine a precise value for the refractive index of water, and when we plotted our sin i vs. sin R graph, the line made was almost perfectly linear (as it would have been if minor errors were avoided). Evaluation:  The method used in this experiment was indeed very successful and had very few flaws. The only real main weakness of the method was that the angles and scales used were so small that it was at times very hard to be any more accurate than to a whole degree. With regards to the manipulation of data, I would conclude that there was no real major weakness as our data seemed to be almost perfect when compared to the actual figures. Sources of error could have appeared when fiddling with the pins and the lamp during the experimental procedure. The thickness of the ray was not ideal and at times too fat to shine onto one single pin. Also after the ray was refracted, the brightness of the light ray was significantly duller and often very hard to find and trace.  Suggested improvements to the experimental procedure include perhaps using a stronger beam of light (maybe laser) so as to better see the angle of refraction. Likewise, the room in which the experiment is being carried out could be also darker. Further investigations could include observing other mediums. Although in my lab group, we chose to work with water, others were investigating glass, plastic and various oils all of which would give different data and results.